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英语从句有哪些分类

发布时间:2026-01-31 13:59:25来源:

英语从句有哪些分类】在英语学习中,从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点。从句是不能独立成句的句子成分,它通常由一个连词或关系词引导,并在主句中充当一定的语法功能。根据其在句中的作用不同,英语从句可以分为多种类型。下面将对常见的英语从句进行总结,并通过表格形式清晰展示。

一、英语从句的主要分类

1. 名词性从句(Noun Clauses)

名词性从句在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语,相当于一个名词。

- 主语从句:如:What he said is true.

- 宾语从句:如:I know that she is coming.

- 表语从句:如:The problem is that we don’t have enough time.

- 同位语从句:如:The fact that he passed the exam surprised everyone.

2. 定语从句(Adjective Clauses / Relative Clauses)

定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,相当于一个形容词。

- 关系代词引导:如:The book that I borrowed is interesting.

- 关系副词引导:如:This is the place where we met.

3. 状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)

状语从句在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步等。

- 时间状语从句:如:When he arrived, the meeting had already started.

- 原因状语从句:如:Because it was raining, we stayed home.

- 条件状语从句:如:If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

- 目的状语从句:如:She studied hard so that she could pass the test.

- 结果状语从句:如:He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.

- 让步状语从句:如:Although it was late, they continued working.

4. 强调句(Cleft Sentences)

强调句用于强调句中的某一部分,结构为:“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分”。

- 如:It was John who called me yesterday.

5. 非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive Relative Clauses)

非限制性定语从句不用于限定先行词,用逗号隔开,通常补充说明信息。

- 如:My brother, who lives in Beijing, is coming to visit us.

二、常见英语从句分类一览表

从句类型 功能 引导词 示例
名词性从句 作主语、宾语、表语、同位语 that, if, whether, what, how, when, where, why, who, whom, whose I don’t know what he wants.
定语从句 修饰名词或代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as, where, when The man who is talking to Mary is my teacher.
状语从句 表示时间、原因、条件、目的等 when, because, if, so that, although, since, until, while We will go out if it stops raining.
强调句 强调句中某一部分 it is/was...that... It was he who broke the glass.
非限制性定语从句 补充说明 which, who, whom, whose My sister, who is a doctor, lives in Shanghai.

三、小结

英语从句种类繁多,每种从句都有其特定的功能和使用场景。掌握这些从句的结构和用法,不仅有助于提高阅读理解能力,也能增强写作表达的准确性。建议在实际练习中多接触各种从句的例句,逐步培养语感和语言运用能力。

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